Hamlet
Act IV, Scene 5

[previous scene] [Hamlet page] [next scene]



You can listen to some
music as you read.
Click on the icon above.
(You can also shut if off,
if you find it annoying.)

Shakespeare
for Scholars:
Shakespeare
for Everyone Else:
Elsinore. A room in the castle.

Enter QUEEN GERTRUDE, HORATIO,
and a Gentleman

QUEEN GERTRUDE
I will not speak with her.

GENTLEMAN

Back inside the castle, a “Gentleman” is talking to Queen Gertrude about Ophelia.
She is importunate, indeed distract:
Her mood will needs be pitied.

QUEEN GERTRUDE
What would she have?

GENTLEMAN

The Gentleman describes her as "distract" (line 2). I think he means "distracted."

She speaks much of her father; says she hears
There's tricks i' the world; and hems, and beats her heart;
Spurns enviously at straws; speaks things in doubt,
That carry but half sense: her speech is nothing,
Yet the unshaped use of it doth move
The hearers to collection ; they aim at it,
And botch the words up fit to their own thoughts;
Which, as her winks, and nods, and gestures
yield them,
Indeed would make one think there might be thought ,
Though nothing sure, yet much unhappily .

HORATIO
'Twere good she were spoken with; for she may strew
Dangerous conjectures in ill-breeding minds.

QUEEN GERTRUDE

The Gentleman describes Ophelia's rather bizarre behavior. Apparently, the girl has been acting a bit, um, strange. She has been talking a lot about her dead father, Polonius. She has been speaking things which do not quite make any sense.
Let her come in.
Exit HORATIO

To my sick soul, as sin's true nature is,
Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss:
So full of artless jealousy is guilt,
It spills itself in fearing to be spilt.

Queen Gertrude agrees to see Ophelia.
Re-enter HORATIO, with OPHELIA

OPHELIA
Where is the beauteous majesty of Denmark?

QUEEN GERTRUDE
How now, Ophelia!

OPHELIA

The poor girl arrives, led in by Horatio.
[Sings]

How should I your true love know
From another one?
By his cockle hat and staff,
And his sandal shoon.

QUEEN GERTRUDE

Suddenly, without any warning, Ophelia breaks into song (lines 25-35).

Alas, sweet lady, what imports this song?

OPHELIA
Say you? Nay, pray you, mark.

Queen Gertrude is not impressed with Ophelia's choral abilities.  She tries to interrupt the young girl.
Sings

He is dead and gone, lady,
He is dead and gone;
At his head a grass-green turf,
At his heels a stone.

QUEEN GERTRUDE

This does no good, though. Ophelia just sings away. Ophelia sings first of someone who is “dead and gone.” Could it be her own father? Or, could it be Hamlet himself, who is “gone,” and has been ordered to be put to death? Or, is the girl, as the Gentleman said, just “distract”?
Nay, but, Ophelia,--

OPHELIA
Pray you, mark.
Sings

White his shroud as the mountain snow,--

Queen Gertrude grows impatient, and tries to interrupt the singing a second time.
Enter KING CLAUDIUS

QUEEN GERTRUDE
Alas, look here, my lord.

OPHELIA

The King enters, in the midst of this.
[Sings]


Larded with sweet flowers
Which bewept to the grave did go
With true-love showers.

KING CLAUDIUS
How do you, pretty lady?

OPHELIA

Well, God 'ild you! They say the owl was a baker's
daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but know not
what we may be. God be at your table !

KING CLAUDIUS
Conceit upon her father.

OPHELIA
Pray you, let's have no words of this; but when they
ask you what it means, say you this:

Ophelia mentions an old proverb about a "Baker's daughter."
Sings

To-morrow is Saint Valentine's day,
All in the morning betime,
And I a maid at your window,
To be your Valentine.
Then up he rose, and donn'd his clothes,
And dupp'd the chamber-door;
Let in the maid, that out a maid
Never departed more.

KING CLAUDIUS
Pretty Ophelia!

OPHELIA
Indeed, la, without an oath, I'll make an end on't:
Sings

By Gis and by Saint Charity,
Alack, and fie for shame!
Young men will do't, if they come to't;
By cock , they are to blame.

Next, Ophelia changes tunes, and switches to a story of a young woman who goes to a young man’s room, and leaves without her virginity.
Quoth she, before you tumbled me,
You promised me to wed.
This young girl explains later that she only slept with him because he promised to marry her.
So would I ha' done, by yonder sun,
An thou hadst not come to my bed.

KING CLAUDIUS

His response: he would have, if only she had not slept with him.

How long hath she been thus?

OPHELIA
I hope all will be well. We must be patient: but I
cannot choose but weep, to think they should lay him
i' the cold ground. My brother shall know of it:
and so I thank you for your good counsel. Come, my
coach! Good night, ladies; good night, sweet ladies;
good night, good night.

King Claudius is shocked, and asks how long she has been behaving like this. Ophelia interrupts, and says "goodnight" to them.
Exit

KING CLAUDIUS
Follow her close; give her good watch ,
I pray you.

Exit HORATIO

Ophelia leaves, and King Claudius orders Horatio to follow the girl, and keep an eye on her.
O, this is the poison of deep grief; it springs
All from her father's death. O Gertrude, Gertrude,
When sorrows come, they come not single spies
But in battalions. First, her father slain:
Next , your son gone; and he most violent author
Of his own just remove: the people muddied,
Thick and unwholesome in their thoughts and whispers,
For good Polonius' death; and we have done but greenly ,
In hugger-mugger to inter him: poor Ophelia
Divided from herself and her fair judgment,
Without the which we are pictures, or mere beasts:
Last, and as much containing as all these,
Next, King Claudius and Gertrude discuss this unusual behavior, and they assume it is due to Polonius’ death.
Her brother is in secret come from France;
Feeds on his wonder, keeps himself in clouds,
And wants not buzzers to infect his ear
With pestilent speeches of his father's death;
Wherein necessity, of matter beggar'd,
Will nothing stick our person to arraign
In ear and ear. O my dear Gertrude, this,
Like to a murdering-piece, in many places
Gives me superfluous death.

The King also just happens to mention that young Laertes’ has heard about Polonius’ death. Laertes is on his way home, and wants to find the person who murdered his dad.
A noise within

QUEEN GERTRUDE
Alack, what noise is this?

KING CLAUDIUS
Where are my Switzers? Let them guard the door.
Enter another Gentleman

What is the matter?

GENTLEMAN
Save yourself, my lord:
The ocean, overpeering of his list ,
Eats not the flats with more impetuous haste

Suddenly, they hear a noise, coming from the other room.
Than young Laertes, in a riotous head,
O'erbears your officers. The rabble call him lord;
And, as the world were now but to begin,
Antiquity forgot, custom not known,
The ratifiers and props of every word,
They cry 'Choose we: Laertes shall be king:'
Caps, hands, and tongues, applaud it to the clouds:
'Laertes shall be king, Laertes king!'

QUEEN GERTRUDE
How cheerfully on the false trail they cry !
O, this is counter, you false Danish dogs!

KING CLAUDIUS

A Gentleman rushes in, and explains that the noise is Laertes, and that the young man is not happy. Worse, he has a bunch of common people (also known as rabble) with him. The common people are shouting that they want Laertes to be their King.

The doors are broke.
Noise within
"The doors are broke," says Claudius. Even worse, it is the repairman's night off.
Enter LAERTES, armed; Danes following

LAERTES

As if on cue, (As if? Of course it is on cue), suddenly Laertes arrives, with a troop of friends friends who are backing him.

Where is this king? Sirs, stand you all without .

DANES
No, let's come in.

LAERTES
I pray you, give me leave.

DANES
We will, we will.
They retire without the door

LAERTES
I thank you: keep the door. O thou vile king,
Give me my father!

QUEEN GERTRUDE
Calmly, good Laertes.

LAERTES
That drop of blood that's calm proclaims me bastard ,
Cries cuckold to my father, brands the harlot
Even here, between the chaste unsmirched brow
Of my true mother.

KING CLAUDIUS
What is the cause, Laertes,
That thy rebellion looks so giant-like?

Laertes enters, and threatens to kill the King himself.
Let him go, Gertrude; do not fear our person:
There's such divinity doth hedge a king,
That treason can but peep to what it would,
Acts little of his will. Tell me, Laertes,
Gertrude has been holding Laertes back. King Claudius tells her to "let him go."
Why thou art thus incensed. Let him go, Gertrude.
Speak, man.

LAERTES
Where is my father?

KING CLAUDIUS
Dead.

QUEEN GERTRUDE
But not by him.

KING CLAUDIUS
Let him demand his fill.

LAERTES
How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with:
To hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil!
Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit!
I dare damnation. To this point I stand,
That both the worlds I give to negligence,
Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged
Most thoroughly for my father.

KING CLAUDIUS
Who shall stay you?

LAERTES
My will, not all the world:
And for my means, I'll husband them so well,
They shall go far with little .

KING CLAUDIUS
Good Laertes,
If you desire to know the certainty
Of your dear father's death, is't writ in your revenge,
That, swoopstake, you will draw both friend and foe,
Winner and loser?

LAERTES
None but his enemies.

KING CLAUDIUS
Will you know them then?

LAERTES
To his good friends thus wide I'll ope my arms;
And like the kind life-rendering pelican,
Repast them with my blood.

KING CLAUDIUS
Why, now you speak
Like a good child and a true gentleman.

That I am guiltless of your father's death,
And am most sensible in grief for it,
It shall as level to your judgment pierce
As day does to your eye .

DANES
[Within]

Let her come in.

LAERTES
How now! what noise is that?

Claudius explains that he is “guiltless” of Polonius’ death (line 164). He does not volunteer the other killings which he did commit.

Re-enter OPHELIA

O heat , dry up my brains! tears seven times salt ,
Burn out the sense and virtue of mine eye !
By heaven, thy madness shall be paid by weight,
Till our scale turn the beam. O rose of May!
Dear maid, kind sister, sweet Ophelia!
O heavens! is't possible, a young maid's wits
Should be as moral as an old man's life?
Nature is fine in love, and where 'tis fine,
It sends some precious instance of itself
After the thing it loves.

OPHELIA

At this point, they are interrupted when Ophelia comes back for her curtain call.
[Sings]


They bore him barefaced on the bier;
Hey non nonny, nonny, hey nonny;
And in his grave rain'd many a tear:--
Fare you well, my dove!

LAERTES
Hadst thou thy wits , and didst persuade revenge,
It could not move thus.

OPHELIA
[Sings]


You must sing a-down a-down,
An you call him a-down-a.
O, how the wheel becomes it! It is the false
steward, that stole his master's daughter.

LAERTES
This nothing's more than matter.

OPHELIA
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; pray,

She sings, and this time it concerns someone’s burial.

love, remember: and there is pansies. that's for thoughts.

LAERTES
A document in madness, thoughts and remembrance fitted.

OPHELIA
There's fennel for you, and columbines: there's rue
for you; and here's some for me: we may call it
herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with

Then, Ophelia begins to toss some flowers around, each of a different variety.
a difference. There's a daisy: I would give you
some violets, but they withered all when my father
died: they say he made a good end,--

Sings

For bonny sweet Robin is all my joy.

LAERTES
Thought and affliction, passion , hell itself,
She turns to favour and to prettiness.

OPHELIA
[Sings]


And will he not come again?
And will he not come again?
No, no, he is dead:
Go to thy death-bed:
He never will come again.

His beard was as white as snow,
All flaxen was his poll:
He is gone, he is gone,
And we cast away moan:
God ha' mercy on his soul!

And of all Christian souls, I pray God. God be wi' ye.

Each flower also seems to have some deeper, symbolic meaning, known only to scholars, academics, and other really annoying people.
Exit

LAERTES
Do you see this, O God?

KING CLAUDIUS
Laertes, I must commune with your grief,
Or you deny me right. Go but apart,
Make choice of whom your wisest friends you will.

Her concert done, she exits.

They find us touch 'd, we will our kingdom give,
Our crown, our life, and all that we can ours,
To you in satisfaction; but if not,
Be you content to lend your patience to us,
And we shall jointly labour with your soul
To give it due content.

LAERTES
Let this be so;
His means of death, his obscure funeral--
No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones,
No noble rite nor formal ostentation--
Cry to be heard, as 'twere from heaven to earth,
That I must call't in question.

KING CLAUDIUS
So you shall;
And where the offence is let the great axe fall.

King Claudius persuades Laertes to go with him for a private conversation.
And they shall hear and judge 'twixt you and me:
If by direct or by collateral hand
I pray you, go with me.
He promises to explain the circumstances of Polonius’ death.
Exeunt

They exit, and the scene ends.


The summaries provided
herein are protected by copyright.

© 1997 by Bruce Spielbauer
All Rights Reserved.

Do not reproduce without
permission of the author.


[previous scene] [Hamlet page] [next scene]